Both skin bacteria and host peptide patterns transitioned through the seasons. The bacterial microbiome (point connected to gray line) is strongly correlated with peptide profile (point connected to black line) in this Procrustes plot.
The Journal of Animal Ecology publishes “Preparatory immunity: Seasonality of mucosal skin defenses and Batrachochytrium infections in Southern leopard frogs” with Ph.D. candidate Brandon LaBumbard and Dr. Woodhams. The paper explores the effects of seasonality on host immune and microbial defenses against Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infections.
Le Sage, E.H., LaBumbard, B.C., Reinert, L.K., Miller, B.T., Richards-Zawacki, C.L., Woodhams, D.C., Rollins-Smith, L.A. Preparatory immunity: Seasonality of mucosal skin defenses and Batrachochytrium infections in Southern leopard frogs. J Anim Ecol. 2020 Nov 12. doi: 10.1111/1365-2656.13386. PMID: 33179786.